Watching your toddler grow is full of joy — every first step, new word, and curious discovery feels like a milestone worth celebrating. But sometimes, certain behaviors signal that a child may be struggling to process everyday sensory information. These difficulties are called sensory processing challenges. Research suggests that between 5% and 16% of children may experience sensory differences, and spotting them early can help reduce stress and support development (Miller et al., 2007; Schaaf & Davies, 2010).
What Are Sensory Red Flags?
Sensory red flags are consistent behaviors that show a child is either:
- Over-responsive (too sensitive to sensory input),
- Under-responsive (less sensitive or slow to respond), or
- Sensory seeking (craving extra stimulation).
These patterns can affect everyday activities — from playtime and meals to sleep, grooming, and social interaction.
Common Sensory Red Flags in Toddlers
1. Over-Responsiveness (Too Sensitive to Sensory Input)
Some toddlers react strongly to everyday sensations, which may appear as:
- Covering ears at sounds such as vacuum cleaners, blenders, or flushing toilets.
- Refusing clothing with tags, seams, or certain fabrics.
- Strong resistance to toothbrushing, nail clipping, or haircuts.
(Miller et al., 2007; Engel-Yeger & Dunn, 2011)
2. Under-Responsiveness (Low Sensitivity to Sensory Input)
In contrast, some toddlers seem less aware of sensory information. Signs may include:
- Not consistently responding when their name is called.
- Not noticing bumps, bruises, or minor injuries.
- Appearing unusually passive, tired, or slow to start an activity.
(Case-Smith & Arbesman, 2008)
3. Sensory Seeking Behaviors
Other children constantly seek stimulation to feel comfortable and alert. This can look like:
- Frequent spinning, jumping, or crashing into objects.
- Chewing on toys, pencils, or clothing.
- Constant movement and difficulty sitting still.
(Schaaf & Davies, 2010)
4. Feeding Challenges
Sensory sensitivities often show up during mealtimes. Red flags include:
- Strong preference for one texture (e.g., only crunchy or only soft foods).
- Gagging, spitting out, or vomiting with unfamiliar textures.
- Eating only a very limited range of familiar foods.
(Cermak, Curtin, & Bandini, 2010)
5. Daily Routine Difficulties
Sensory processing challenges may make simple daily routines overwhelming, such as:
- Intense meltdowns during bathing, dressing, or bedtime.
- Avoiding swings, slides, or playground climbing.
- Struggling to transition from one activity to another.
(Bundy, Lane, & Murray, 2002)
Why Early Recognition Matters
Identifying sensory red flags early can make a big difference. Evidence shows that occupational therapy with a sensory integration approach improves self-regulation, attention, and social engagement in toddlers (Case-Smith & Arbesman, 2008; Pfeiffer et al., 2011). Early intervention empowers parents to better support their child while reducing frustration at home.
What Parents Can Do
- Observe and Note: Keep a simple diary of what triggers certain behaviors and how often they occur.
- Respect Sensory Limits: Avoid pushing your child into overwhelming sensory situations.
- Introduce Gradually: Slowly expose your child to new textures, sounds, or movements at a comfortable pace.
- Seek Professional Guidance: A pediatric occupational therapist can provide a tailored sensory assessment and home strategies.
Final Thought
Every child has unique ways of experiencing the world. Occasional sensory preferences are normal, but consistent patterns that disrupt daily life may signal sensory processing challenges. With early recognition, professional guidance, and supportive strategies, toddlers can develop the tools they need to thrive.
References
- Bundy, A. C., Lane, S. J., & Murray, E. A. (2002). Sensory Integration: Theory and Practice. F.A. Davis Company.
- Case-Smith, J., & Arbesman, M. (2008). Evidence-based review of interventions for autism used in or relevant to occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(4), 416–429.
- Cermak, S. A., Curtin, C., & Bandini, L. G. (2010). Food selectivity and sensory sensitivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(2), 238–246.
- Engel-Yeger, B., & Dunn, W. (2011). The relationship between sensory processing difficulties and anxiety level of healthy adults. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(5), 210–216.
- Miller, L. J., Anzalone, M. E., Lane, S. J., Cermak, S. A., & Osten, E. T. (2007). Concept evolution in sensory integration: A proposed nosology for diagnosis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(2), 135–140.
- Pfeiffer, B., Koenig, K., Kinnealey, M., Sheppard, M., & Henderson, L. (2011). Effectiveness of sensory integration interventions in children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(1), 76–85.
- Schaaf, R. C., & Davies, P. L. (2010). Evolution of the sensory integration frame of reference. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(4), 363–367.